Construction and upgradation of GIS, AIS, and hybrid substations (e.g., 132 kV GIS at Chapali, 220/132/33 kV GIS, and hybrid substations). Bay extensions, SCADA system implementation, and integration with Load Dispatch Centers (e.g., Middle Marsyangdi, Damauli, Lower Marsyangdi). Upgrading equipment like BOCB to VCB.